The Federal Bureau of Investigation credits the LTTE with mainstreaming suicide tactics as a terror tool globally. Led by the brilliant but ruthless Velupillai Prabhakaran, the LTTE embraced the widespread use of terror tactics in addition to standard guerrilla warfare. The Tamil insurgent groups united into the LTTE, or Tamil Tigers, and began a campaign of violence to overthrow the government and gain autonomy in Tamil areas. Unrest culminated in full-scale guerrilla war beginning in 1983 in northern and eastern Sri Lanka, where significant Tamil populations lived. Small-scale attacks against government forces by Tamil rebels expanded during that decade and became widespread by the early 1980s. After years of political strife and unrest, the Tamils formed legitimate and illegitimate resistance movements in the 1970s.
#LIBERATION TIGERS OF TAMIL EELAM LTTE SERIES#
Since that time, the Sinhalese have implemented a series of laws imposing their culture on the Tamil minorities, isolating them and de facto rendering them a subclass. 4 Most of the island's population comprises the majority Buddhist Sinhalese, who due to their numbers controlled most major organs of civil society following independence in 1948. Eventually, the Tamils multiplied to become 13 percent of the population of Sri Lanka. 3 The British imported the Hindu Tamils from southern India in the 18th century as laborers for colonial plantations. The LTTE is the main insurgent group representing the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka. Do Sri Lanka's eight fundamentals account for the defeat of the LTTE and validate the effectiveness of ruthless counterinsurgency tactics? If so, what are the lessons for U.S. 2 The differences between the two approaches are significant and cut to the heart of ongoing doctrinal debates over the way ahead in Afghanistan and future counterinsurgency operations. Key to this philosophy is the concept of protecting civilians from insurgent influence and avoiding unnecessary collateral damage.
#LIBERATION TIGERS OF TAMIL EELAM LTTE MANUAL#
Field Manual 3–24, Counterinsurgency, counsels an approach that attempts to influence and persuade the population to willingly side with the counterinsurgent by providing a superior alternative to the insurgent cause.
These harsh principles stand in stark contrast to the population-centric approach articulated in U.S. go to hell (that is, ignore domestic and international criticism).
1 Sri Lankan military and civilian leaders believe the application of these principles enabled the government's victory: Shashikumar listed eight principles, the so-called Rajapaksa Model, of Sri Lankan COIN. In October 2009, Indian Defense Review author V.K. Some have advocated that the United States consider employing such tactics as part of an effective COIN campaign, utilizing recent cases such as Sri Lanka and Chechnya to bolster their case. counterinsurgency (COIN) doctrine and the role of lethal force in counterinsurgency. The defeat of the LTTE added to the debates over U.S. The violence and brutality employed by both sides in the final years of the conflict drew significant interest from the global civilian and military communities, especially when Sri Lanka credited its callousness to civilian casualties as a key to its success. After three decades of conflict, Sri Lanka's government defeated the ethnic separatist insurgent group Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), popularly known as the Tamil Tigers, in May 2009.
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